Compensation Strategy Essay

1) Briefly describe the company you researched, its compensation strategy, best practices they are applying, and compensation-related challenges they are facing. Marriott International, Inc.-formed in 1993 when Marriott Corporation split into two separate companies-is the world’s leading lodging and contract services company. Marriott International has two operating groups: Marriott Lodging, which generates about 60 percent of company revenue, and the Marriott Service Group, its contract services operation. Marriott Lodging manages or franchises more than 1,350 lodging properties under 10 hotel brands worldwide. It also operates more than 30 timeshare vacation properties through Marriott Vacation Club International, and 25 U.S. conference centers through Marriott Conference Centers. The Marriott Service Group includes Marriott Management Services, which provides food and facilities management for business, education, and health care clients; Marriott Senior Living Services, wh ich manages 75 senior living communities; and Marriott Distribution Services, which operates 15 distribution centers nationwide that provide food and related products to internal Marriott and external clients. Marriottinternational.com Compensation strategies Culture and Global Diversity and Inclusion Marriott founder, J. Willard Marriott coached managers to â€Å"take care of your employees and they’ll take care of guests.† It’s this philosophy that is the cornerstone of our culture and the foundation of our success. We are committed to providing an environment where employees have the opportunity to achieve their potential, are highly engaged and are empowered to deliver great guest service. We are proud that our inclusive culture is the main ingredient that sets us apart from other companies. We know that when our employees feel valued and respected, they’ll help make our guests feel that way too. At Marriott, everything they do is built on their culture of â€Å"people first.† From investing in their employees’ health and well being, to rewards for hard work and recognition for length and talent in service, Marriott is proud to reward and recognize their employees for the work they do everyday. In addition to competitive benefit packages (which may vary by country according to employment laws and practices) Marriott employees enjoy: Valuable room rate, food and beverage, and retail discounts at global  Marriott locations Well-known training and learning opportunities and educational assistance to ensure you’re equipped to do your job and prepared for the next step in your career Employees for the work they do everyday. In addition to competitive benefit packages (which may vary by country according to employment laws and practices) Marriott employees enjoy: Valuable room rate, food and beverage, and retail discounts at global Marriott locations Well-known training and learning opportunities and educational assistance to ensure you’re equipped to do your job and prepared for the next step in your career Workplace Recognition At Marriott they recognize their employees for their commitment to delivering exceptional guest experiences and their passion for our business, including recognition of: Non-management employees who demonstrate outstanding commitment to our guests, and recognition of managers who demonstrate exceptional leadership each quarter. Employees for their contributions to the success of their location as well as demonstrating commitment to their local communities. Years of service, at 5 year intervals. Employees with 25 years of service with free weekend stays at Marriott properties around the world. Best practices and related challenges As one of the world’s largest hotel brands, Marriott International employs approximately 110,000 associates in its 700 managed U.S. hotels. With a large staff and significant safety challenges, Marriott has developed a sophisticated and innovative workers’ compensation program, recognized by the 2007 Theodore Roosevelt Workers’ Compensation Award committee as one of the best programs in the country. The objectives of Marriott’s workers’ compensation program are simple: promptly respond to workplace injuries with quality medical care and return associates to work as quickly and safely as possible—all while controlling costs. The program has an impressive track record of success—over the past five years, its claims frequency has dropped by 15 percent, and claims costs also decreased by 15 percent. 2) Analyze how your company applies compensation practice to determine the positive or negative impact to the company and its stakeholders. The Compensation Policy Committee (the â€Å"Committee†), which is composed solely of independent members  of the Board, assists the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities relating to executive compensation. The Committee is responsible for overseeing compensation programs that enable the Company to attract, retain and motivate executives capable of establishing and implementing business plans in the best interests of the shareholders. The Committee, on behalf of and in certain instances subject to the approval of the Board, reviews and approves compensation programs for certain senior officer positions. In this context, the Committee reviewed and discussed with management the Company’s Compensation Discussion and Analysis required by Item 402(b) of SEC Regulation S-K. Following the reviews and discussions referred to above, the Committee recommended to the Board that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K and this proxy statement. The Committee reviews individual base salaries for the NEOs each February for the current fiscal year. As a part of this review, the Committee considers whether base salary levels are commensurate with the executives’ responsibilities and the external market. For 2011, management recommended a 3.5% salary increase for each of the NEOs, except for Mr. Berquist for whom management recommended a salary increase of 5.0% based on a review of market data. The increases, as shown in the table below, were consistent with the increase for all eligible management associates and with salary increases in the marketplace. The Compensation Consultant reviewed and supported the recommendation, which was approved by the Committee and, with respect to Messrs. Marriott and Sorenson, by the Board. To promote growth and profitability, the Company maintains two annual cash bonus plans: the Marriott International, Inc. Executive Officer Incentive Plan (â€Å"Incentive Plan†), which focuses on a diluted EPS objective, and the Marriott International, Inc. Executive Officer Individual Performance Plan (â€Å"Individual Plan†), which targets several other financial, operational and human capital objectives for the year. Together, the plans are designed to provide executives with appropriate compensation incentives to achieve identified annual corporate and individual performance objectives. At its February 2011 meeting, the Committee approved the specific performance objectives under each bonus plan for 2011. In February 2012, after the release of the 2011 fiscal year audited financial results, the Committee reviewed each NEO’s performance The Incentive Plan rewards executives for  the Company’s achievement of pre-established Company financial objectives . The Incentive Plan payout represents 60% of the total annual bonus opportunity under the combined Incentive Plan and Individual Plan for all named executives other than Mr. Capuano, for whom it represents 10%. For Mr. Capuano, the largest relative component of his annual bonus opportunity is room growth, consistent with his primary area of responsibility. In 2011, the Incentive Plan focused entirely on diluted EPS performance. The Company places a heavy emphasis on diluted EPS as a performance measure because diluted EPS is an important indicator of Company profitability and aligns the interests of management with those of shareholders. For the purpose of the Incentive Plan, the Company uses diluted EPS as reported under U.S. GAAP, as may be modified during the target-setting process for items that are not expected to have a direct impact on the business going forward. Although no such adjustments were made during the target-setting process for 2011, in February 2012 the Committee adjusted the diluted EPS target and diluted EPS results to reflect the spin-off of the Company’s timeshare business as described below. www.files.shareholders.com 3) Examine the ways in which laws, labor u nions, and market factors impact the company’s compensation practices. Provide specific examples to support your response. There are six main forces in any company’s Macro-environment. Political Political factors can affect the company’s macro-economy. As it did when there was a blast in Islamabad in 2008, which had a negative effect on the business of the company. People get scared and loyalty guests of Marriott were lost to some extent. Economic Keeping in mind the competition by major hotels like Hilton the Marriott has an extensive growth plan with many projects pipelined in 2011 in many countries like India, Vietnam, China, etc. Socio-cultural Marriott contributes towards American Red Cross societies by driving towards the blood donation rides by the employees contributing towards disaster relief and it contributes towards the Red Cross relief fund annually. The company supports Children Miracle Network’s since 1983 and was the first to support. Marriott Vienna started supporting the SOS children groups in 2004. Marriott got many rewards  ³America most admired company award. ´- (fortune magazine 2000-2007) 250 properties of Marriott hotels have  ³ENERGY STAR ´ label Technological Marriott have developed a lot since 1998. Earlier reservations were just done by calling on particular numbers or by travel agents, tour operators. Currently they have centralized reservation system where you can book the hotels from anywhere in the world. They have accurate room rates on their website. Environmental factors Marriott international is very environmental friendly brand. Most of the amenities used are eco-friendly and have water recycling plan 4) Evaluate the effectiveness of traditional bases for pay at the company you researched. Key Objectives for an Effective Pay System †¢ It should encourage people to develop the kind of skills that will make them more productive, will enhance their self-esteem/self-worth, and will help the organization become more effective. †¢ The pay system needs to attract and retain the right kind of individuals for the organization. †¢ It should reinforce the kind of behaviors the organization needs in order to be effective. †¢ It must motivate performance †¢ It should impact the culture of the organization in a positive way. Some specifics could include: – Have at worst a neutral impact on labor management cooperation – Contribute to teamwork or at least not get in the way of teamwork – Support the idea of life long learning as appropriate †¢ It should have some cost dimensions that are favorable for the organization such as being competitive in the marketplace. Center for competitive management

House of Saud Essay

The â€Å"alternative† visions of the nineteenth century all sought to Oppose authority and protect local community. Feedback/Reference: See pp. 600-601 2. The Wahhabi Movement sought to institute pure Islam and challenge The Ottoman Empire. Feedback/Reference: See p. 604 3. Allied to Wahhabi Movement leaders was the Najdian House of Saud of The Arabian Peninsula. Feedback/Reference: See p. 604 4. Which of the following did Shaka not use in his command of the Zulus? Mercy Feedback/Reference: See p. 605 5. The Taiping Rebellion of China gained momentum from all except which of the following? Government reforms aimed at relieving economic pressures by lowering taxes Feedback/Reference: See p. 608 6. Hong Xiuquan’s Taiping society demonstrated all but which of the following? Free opium use Feedback/Reference: See pp. 609-610 7. Which of the following best describes what reactionaries sought to accomplish? To reverse democracy and secular influence Feedback/Reference: See p. 612 8. Which of the following best describes what liberals sought to accomplish? To limit state power while expanding that of the individual Feedback/Reference: See p. 14 9. Which of the following best describes what radicals sought to accomplish? To reconstruct society economically and politically Feedback/Reference: See p. 614 10. The materialist theory of history generated by Marx and Engels taught that what mattered was How goods were produced and how that shaped social relations. Feedback/Reference: See p. 618 11. Insurgents opposed to powerful colonizing nations generally preached a message that reflected all of the following except Strong statements of universal love and toleration. Feedback/Reference: See pp. 618-622 12. What did Tenskwatawa advise his followers to do to rid Indian lands of the white man? Return to the traditional Indian rites and lifestyle Feedback/Reference: See p. 619 13. Why did Mayan rebels stop their drive to rid the land of imperialists during the Caste War? Planting season came, so the Mayans went home. The insurgencies discussed in this chapter were most commonly Destroyed with brute military force. 16. All of the following are true about Usman dan Fodio’s Fulani movement except It expected women to remain completely uninvolved in political action. Feedback/Reference: See pp. 604-605 17. Nationalism in Europe Slowly gained strength over the nineteenth century by pushing education and culture to unify †the nation. † Feedback/Reference: See p. 614 18. Mayan identity developed from all but which of the following bases? Close ties to the sugar and hennequen producers who felt threatened by new taxes Feedback/Reference: See p. 623 19. Which of the following best describes the utopian socialism of Charles Fourier? The organization of people into phalanxes that would preserve diversity in tasks and classes, but in which merchants did not exist Feedback/Reference: See p. 615 20. The charismatic leaders in this chapter offered all but the following: Decentralized states where power rested in the hands of the people

ABC Analysis for Inventory Management Essay

In supply chain, ABC analysis is an inventory categorization method which consists in dividing items into three categories, A, B and C: A being the most valuable items, C being the least valuable ones. This method aims to draw managers’ attention on the critical few (Aitems) and not on the trivial many (C-items). Prioritization of the management attention Inventory optimization is critical in order to keep costs under control within the supply chain. Yet, in order to get the most from management efforts, it is efficient to focus on items that cost most to the business. The Pareto principle states that 80% of the overall consumption value is based on only 20% of total items. In other words, demand is not evenly distributed between items: top sellers vastly outperform the rest. The ABC approach states that, when reviewing inventory, a company should rate items from A to C, basing its ratings on the following rules: A-items are goods which annual consumption value is the highest. The top 70-80% of the annual consumption value of the company typically accounts for only 10-20% of total inventory items. C-items are, on the contrary, items with the lowest consumption value. The lower 5% of the annual consumption value typically accounts for 50% of total inventory items. B-items are the interclass items, with a medium consumption value. Those 15-25% of annual consumption value typically accounts for 30% of total inventory items. The annual consumption value is calculated with the formula: (Annual demand) x (item cost per unit). Through this categorization, the supply manager can identify inventory hot spots, and separate them from the rest of the items, especially those that are numerous but not that profitable. The following steps will explain to you the classification of items into A, B and C categories. 1. Find out the unit cost and and the usage of each material over a given period. 2. Multiply the unit cost by the estimated annual usage to obtain the net value. 3. List out all the items and arrange them in the descending value. (Annual Value) 4. Accumulate value and add up number of items and calculate percentage on total inventory in value and in number. 5. Draw a curve of percentage items and percentage value. 6. Mark off from the curve the rational limits of A, B and C categories. eCommerce example The graph above illustrates the yearly sales distribution of a US eCommerce in 2011 for all products that have been sold at least one. Products are ranked starting with the highest sales volumes. Out of 17000 references: Top 2500 products (Top 15%) represent 70% of the sales. Next 4000 products (Next 25%) represent 20% of the sales. Bottom 10500 products (Bottom 60%) represents 10% of the sales. Inventory management policies Policies based on ABC analysis leverage the sales imbalance outlined by the Pareto principle. This implies that each item should receive a weighed treatment corresponding to its class: ï‚ · A-items should have tight inventory control, more secured storage areas and better sales forecasts. Reorders should should be frequent, with weekly or even daily reorder. Avoiding stock-outs on A-items is a priority. Reordering C-items is made less frequently. A typically inventory policy for C-items consist of having only 1 unit on hand, and of reordering only when an actual purchase is made. This approach leads to stock-out situation after each purchase which can be an acceptable situation, as the C-items present both low demand and higher risk of excessive inventory costs. For C-items, the question is not so much how many units do we store? but rather do we even keep this item in store? B-items benefit from an intermediate status between A and C. An important aspect of class B is the monitoring of potential evolution toward class A or, in the contrary, toward the class C. Splitting items in A, B and C classes is relatively arbitrary. This grouping only represents a rather straightforward interpretation of the Pareto principle. In practice, sales volume is not the only metric that weighs the importance of an item. Margin but also the impact of a stock-out on the business of the client should also influence the inventory strategy. Procurement and Warehouse Applications The results of an ABC Analysis extend into a number of other inventory control and management processes: 1. Review of stocking levels – As with investments, past results are no guarantee of future performance. However, â€Å"A† items will generally have greater impact on projected investment and purchasing spend, and therefore should be managed more aggressively in terms of minimum and maximum inventory levels.Obsolescence review – By definition, inactive items will fall to the bottom of the prioritized list. Therefore, the bottom of the â€Å"C† category is the best place to start when performing a periodic obsolescence review. 2. Cycle counting – The higher the usage, the more activity an item is likely to have, hence the greater likelihood that transaction issues will result in inventory errors. Therefore, to ensure accurate record balances, higher priority items are cycle counted more frequently. Generally â€Å"A† items are counted once every quarter; â€Å"B† items once every 6 months; and â€Å"C† items once every 12 months. 3. Identifying items for potential consignment or vendor stocking – Since â€Å"A† items tend to have a greater impact on investment, these would be the best candidates to investigate the potential for alternative stocking arrangements that would reduce investment liability and associated carrying costs. 4. Turnover ratios and associated inventory goals – By definition, â€Å"A† items will have greater usage than â€Å"B† or â€Å"C† items, and as a result should have greater turnover ratios. When establishing investment and turnover metrics, inventory data can be segregated by ABC classification, with different targets for each category. Definition of ‘Inventory Turnover’ A ratio showing how many times a company’s inventory is sold and replaced over a period. the Periodic Review To make the most effective use of ABC classifications, the analysis should be completed at least on an annual basis, and more often as necessary. Other Inventory Classification Techniques HML Classifications The High, medium and Low (HML) classification follows the same procedure as is adopted in ABC classification. Only difference is that in HML, the classification unit value is the criterion and not the annual consumption value. The items of inventory should be listed in the descending order of unit value and it is up to the management to fix limits for three categories. For examples, the management may decide that all units with unit value of Rs. 2000 and above will be H items, Rs. 1000 to 2000 M items and less than Rs. 1000 L items. The HML analysis is useful for keeping control over consumption at departmental levels, for deciding the frequency of physical verification, and for controlling purchases. VED Classification While in ABC, classification inventories are classified on the basis of their consumption value and in HML analysis the unit value is the basis, criticality of inventories is the basis for vital, essential and desirable categorization. The VED analysis is done to determine the criticality of an item and its effect on production and other services. It is specially used for classification of spare parts. If a part is vital it is given V classification, if it is essential, then it is given E classification and if it is not so essential, the part is given D classification. For V items, a large stock of inventory is generally maintained, while for D items, minimum stock is enough. SDE Classification The SDE analysis is based upon the availability of items and is very useful in the context of scarcity of supply. In this analysis, S refers to scarce items, generally imported, and those which are in short supply. D refers to difficult items which are available indigenously but are difficult items to procure. Items which have to come from distant places or for which reliable suppliers are difficult to come by fall into D category. E refers to items which are easy to acquire and which are available in the local markets. The SDE classification, based on problems faced in procurement, is vital to the lead time analysis and in deciding on purchasing strategies. FSN Analysis FSN stands for fast moving, slow moving and non-moving. Here, classification is based on the pattern of issues from stores and is useful in controlling obsolescence. To carry out an FSN analysis, the date of receipt or the last date of issue, whichever is later, is taken to determine the number of months, which have lapsed since the last transaction. The items are usually grouped in periods of 12 months. FSN analysis is helpful in identifying active items which need to be reviewed regularly and surplus items which have to be examined further. Non-moving items may be examined further and their disposal can be considered.

FEMINIST THOUGHT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FEMINIST THOUGHT - Essay Example he was in favor of equality between men and women, was against discrimination, and her harsh life experiences transformed her to a feminist with a different viewpoint on equality. As pointed out, Sojourner Truth fought for the wellbeing of women and to hinder the progress of social evil barriers like discrimination and marginalization in the society. She spoke about anti-slavery and womens rights, often giving personal testimony about her experiences as a slave. She strongly argued against the inequality among man and women in the name of gender status, and male supremacy. Joy Hakim points out that â€Å"She works for womens rights, black peoples rights, prison to reform, and temperance† (N.pag.). While there, she tried to challenge discrimination based on racial identity. As a womens rights activist, Truth faced additional burdens that white women did not have, plus the challenge of combating a suffrage movement which did not want to be linked to anti-slavery causes, believing it might hurt their cause. Yet, Truth prevailed, traveling thousands of miles making powerful speeches against inequality among men and women, slavery, and for womens suffrage. Besides, and she preached a combination of feminist Christianity, abolition, inequality and women’s rights. In general, Truths view of the social relation of the sexes differed totally from the prevailing philosophy that women should be a silent, or should be placed on pedestals. If institutions in the public sphere, such as the courts, were not fit places for women, she thought they were unfit for men as well. She declared she could work as much as a man. In her 1867 speech, she claimed to be over eighty years old, and said that she would live more years to see women get their rights man is so selfish that he has got women’s rights and his own, too, and yet he would not allow women to enjoy their rights. Personally, I consider that life experiences transformed Sojourner Truth to an activist. Truth was a lover

Field Trip to the Mountain Pleasant Park Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Field Trip to the Mountain Pleasant Park - Essay Example The houses’ design and location in the respective parks and their terms and conditions are part of the central focus of this study. The Victoria Park locates in a serene neighborhood and is always full of activities. Redevelopment of the park took place in 2008 after a successful community consultation process. Initially, the park regarded as Grandview Park until July 26, 1911, when the name changed to Victoria Park because of its bonding street, Victoria Drive. The street took the name after Queen Victoria, who died in 1901. The Victoria Park locates in the City of Vancouver. The study also focused on the housing and detailed exploration of the Mountain Pleasant Park and its neighborhood. The Mountain Pleasant or the Main Street has several recreational facilities, chic boutiques, late night cafes, and pubs. The locals rate the place as the coolest street. Another area selected for the study was the Laneway houses. The Laneway houses regard as the best place with diverse rental units in the single-family neighborhoods. Granville Island became best lunch stopover with a variety of fresh foods and excellent resting areas. The study focused on obtaining detailed and clear information about Vancouver City neighborhood, their history, area occupation, and the main recreation activities taking place. We prepared a schedule for the trip. The schedule had the names of the places to visit and the respective time to be at that particular place. The schedule had an attachment of the main features we should take into account during the study. The trip took off at 8 am and according to the schedule, our first stop was a lunch stop at Granville Island. Granville Island is a shopping district in the Vancouver City. It locates across False Creek from Vancouver downtown under the Granville Street Bridge on the southern end.  As research revealed, the building under renovation was one of the oldest existing structure in West Mount Pleasant. The houses name took after the four proprietors’ family name. Davis house became the first heritage home to get ultra modern outlook in 1980. The buildings in the area had attractive paintings with transparent glasses as the windows. It holds heritage as housing as history records one of the buildings housing Queen Ann in the 1890s. The timeline of its existence and the bearing of an ultra-modern look is another attractive aspect of the houses.

Management Service Quality and SERVQUAL Research Paper

Management Service Quality and SERVQUAL - Research Paper Example SERVQUAL as a quality analysis tool takes various facets of customer expectation into consideration and matches them with the real experience (Kettinger, and Lee, 2010). This can be used as a measure by managers of medical insurance companies to establish the true nature of their customer’s feelings. There has been almost a 60% growth of medical insurers in the Middle East, especially in the Arab Emirates. The competition for this limited market has inevitably been high over the last decade. Therefore, many firms have adopted professional marketers to handle the selling of their products (Burns, 2012). However, the packaging of these policies may not be as realistic as they ought to be because sales agents aim for commission and may add untrue facts so that they excite the customers.The health sector in the UAE has grown over the past decade because of the massive investment, both in the country and private players in general. Both local and international companies have set ba se in the country because of its reputation of being economically stable. There are various factors attributing to the exponential growth of the general insurance in the country. These include the fact that the health sector no longer operates in the conventional aspect where the government had the highest stake. In this day and age, there many countries have adopted the competitive free market. Secondly, the use of marketing tools that the corporate world was previously using in this industry.

Workplace Stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Workplace Stress - Essay Example Organizations also make atmosphere employee friendly and suitable for work by meeting up certain standards, which helps in reducing work place stress. Any organization can measure the level of work place stress on their employees by simply conducting surveys and polls on this topic plus interviews can also be conducted. In order to evaluate the success of their work place stress management programs the organization can simply conduct an online poll or survey with interviews about how effective an employee feels the programs has been. Power and Politics are two different concepts but they can be put together. Power in general means an authority a person holds and politics is basically a process through which groups of people make decisions. Usually decision-making comes with power, people have the authority to make decisions that is politics when they have power. Power and Politics have similarities and differences both but similarities overlap the differences. As in politics, democracy, power all these go together. In democracy its politics that leads to the transfer of power between different leaders that run the country. Power and Politics are always related to each other as explained earlier power leads to politics as only people having authority can make decisions. Organizations also have a hierarchy structure that is being followed to make decisions. When it comes to the use of power and politics ethical issues arise as not all people think the decisions being taken are correct, there is always a conflict o f opinion when a group of people sits down. Ethical issues like equal rights and discrimination often arise due to the abuse of power and politics in an organization and it’s advisable to minimize these as they can also lead to work place

Major Report on Rational and Adaptive Strategy Research Paper

Major Report on Rational and Adaptive Strategy - Research Paper Example An efficient model provided by Burgelman enables to comprehend the effectiveness of strategies undertaken by an organization in dynamic business environment. Moreover, the two strategy making processes including induced strategy process and autonomous strategy process proposed by Burgelman offer various companies with comprehensive understanding of induced or existing business environment and autonomous business environment or the emerging business environment in determining effectual business environment. Consequently, the two frameworks of strategy making process are related with the strategies formulated and implemented by PepsiCo Inc. in order to identify and measure the effectiveness of these strategies. In this report, the strategies adapted in recent past by PepsiCo are critically analyzed in light of Burgelman model. Based on the understanding of the existing strategies of PepsiCo, certain pertinent recommendations have been provided that can ensure long-term growth and susta inability of the business. . Table of Contents 1 Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Key Features of the Burgelman’s 3 Stage Model 5 The Living Organization Develops Using Evolutionary Methods 7 Three Conceptual Frameworks Supporting Strategy Making 8 Tool I – Forces Driving the Company’s Evolution 8 Tool II - Evolutionary Framework of the Strategy Making 9 Tool III- Process Model of Internal Corporate Venturing 10 Strategic Analysis of PepsiCo Based on Burgelman’s 3 Stage Model 11 Induced Strategy 12 Autonomous Strategy 13 Strategies Executed by PepsiCo 14 Environmental Sustainability Initiatives of PepsiCo 17 Implemented Strategies 20 Measuring PepsiCo Success and Identifying Its Barriers as well as Strength Factors 20 Conclusion 24 Recommendations 25 References 27 Introduction PepsiCo Inc. is one of the most successful multi-national companies engaged in foods and beverages products with more than US$ 65 billion net revenues. The company operates in mor e than 200 countries with it’s headquarter in New York, United States. PepsiCo consists of brand like Pepsi-Cola, Tropicana, Frito-lay and Gatorade. The success of PepsiCo can be attributed to its quality products and distinct competitive strategies. The company seeks to achieve healthy rewards to its investors and provide opportunities to its employees by ensuring quality products to its widely distributed customer segments (PepsiCo Inc., 2004). It has not been an easy task for PepsiCo to reach the level as it is now. In its journey to success, the company confronted with many ethical and legal challenges. Primarily, the challenges like entering into other countries with different cultures and laws were indeed difficult to manage and abide by. However, the company has been able to efficiently overcome its challenges with the efficient implementation of its strategies based upon the vivid circumstances (PepsiCo Inc., 2004). Strategic decisions are a complex task to be perform ed by the multinational companies like PepsiCo. The present business environment is complex and dynamic which is affected by several factors. The dynamism in the business environment continuously pressurizes the company to constantly evaluate its strategic decision making process in order to sustain and survive its business in highly competitive business world. The traditional strategic planning process does not provide relevant aid to

Study abroad application Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Study abroad application - Scholarship Essay Example Most importantly, the study abroad scholarship will be an important financial boost to my personal, academic, and professional goals and objectives. This is because the study abroad program will enhance my communication skills, broaden my adaptability and independence, and subsequently promote culturally diverse and interpersonal skills. In light of these insights, the scholarship will go a long way in enhancing my academic and career opportunities. The scholarship, therefore, is a significant platform upon which I will not only share, but also learn cultural competency. In conclusion, I value academic interactions with peers and teachers because every individual is different and unique in his/her own way. In that regard, the scholarship is a good opportunity for me to travel abroad, meet and make new friends, learn international differences in academic curriculum, and ultimately share my experiences and competencies with different cultures firsthand. It is my sincere hope that this study abroad scholarship application will be

An Analysis of Literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An Analysis of Literacy - Essay Example Firstly, it must be understood that literacy in and of itself can and should be described as a type of awareness. As described by Paul Kei Matsuda in his piece, â€Å"Alternative Discourses: A Synthesis†, the definition of what specifically defines literacy evolves and grows as a function of type and nature of literature that exists within a particular period in time. As such, the reader can readily note the fact that what defined literacy within the 18th century might not necessarily be what defines literature with the current era. However, a thread of similarity and comparability exists between all levels of literacy. The similarity is with respect to the fact that the individual who is literate is both aware and able to express themselves with regards to salient topics within a range of different issues. This does not necessarily engender the fact the individual must be a polymath who is talented a great range of different subjects; rather, it denotes an individual that is capable and willing to research and litany of different areas and present a balanced and reasoned analysis that can readily be understood by even an individual is not an expert within the given field.From the information that was provided within James Gee’s article, â€Å"What is Literacy†, it can also be understood that a pitfall that many professors, and indeed universities themselves make, is with respect to formalize the discussion in seeking first English as second language and native speakers integrate with the topic. in a particular way. Ultimately, the author points to the fact that college and/or University should be to a period of time in one’s life that they are able to use as a means of expanding their horizons and honing their ability to create and argue a well reasoned point. Ultimately, rather than forcing a level of similarity of content, the author argues for the fact that the rhetorical analysis process in and of itself is the greatest virtue. Finally, a further point, and thread of similarity that exists between three articles, is referenced in the third and final argument that will be analyzed. The author of â€Å"Acquisition of Literate Discourse: Bowing Before the Master†, Lisa Delpit, denotes the fact that even though it is human nature to define and define people based upon their abilities, it is unfair and unreasonable to stipulate that an individual is somehow inherently incapable of creating a well reasoned argument within a written format. Ultimately, the case in point is provided, is that of a disadvantaged African-American female who, although her GRE scores were insufficient for admission, she nonetheless was able to develop or rhetorical skills and proved to be a successful writer and explicate or complex and nuanced ideas. Accordingly, the author helps to argue for the fact that grouping individual into the category of â€Å"unable to write† is somehow akin to the way in which individuals are grouped and discriminated against with regards to other categories. Further, instead of a rash judgment being

Ethnicity in Cameroon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethnicity in Cameroon - Essay Example Its relief ranges from desert in the north, Savannah grassland to tropical rain forest in the southern region. (World InfoZone, 2008). It is called ‘Africa in miniature’ as it harbors almost all the political, economic, religious, cultural and relief features of the entire continent. (World InfoZone, 2008). Ethnicity has been a topic of debate in the country for a long period now. With over 250 different ethnic groups having different cultures and local dialects, representative governance and integration becomes difficult and thus has recently become a national topic of debate. This has its roots dating back to 1964 when the late Dr. Bernard Fonlon questioned the former president Ahmadou Ahidjo on the Functioning of the then Federal Republic of Cameroon which was failing. This led to the change of the structure to ‘the United Republic of Cameroon’ in 1972 and later to the ‘Republic of Cameroon’ in 1984. (Culture of Cameroon, 1997). The national question in Cameroon is more an issue of being either being part of the ruling majority and in which case, being submissive, paying allegiance to the powers that be, or being part of the geographically privileged southerners who dominate and control power. (Mentah, 2008). The latest tendency is for the ruling establishment to meticulously fuel ethnic exclusion, articulating ethnic animosity getting isolated entities or ethnic groups for the-right-moment political manipulation. (Mentah, 2008). This means that the system of government is that of little or no patriotism but a struggle to share in the constantly diminishing ‘national cake.’ (Nyamjoh, 1999). Though the country is politically very stable, the question of National unity and integration due to the ongoing ‘politics of regional and ethnic balance, chronic lack of vision as a country, the lack of real commitment to democracy, the propensity to vacillate on most issues of collective

Goal Essay Example for Free

Goal Essay â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world† (Nelson Mandela) what are my intension to come to college? Nowadays, medical assistant is rapidly increasing. I’m attending college to earn my Associate degree in Medical Assistant. Before attending college, I’ve had too many problems such as the grammar problems and writing in the English forms. I realized that I wasn’t going to get far without education. With my familys support and advises, I decided to go on further with my education to have a better future and a long time career working as a medical assistant. This year, I am enrolled at Kauai Community College since the fall 2012 semester. When I started college, I was majoring Liberal Arts because Im still undecided what career I wanted to pursue in. November 2012, after talking to my counselor I was able to choose what Im pursuing; I choose medical assistant. Their are couple reasons why I choose medical assistant. One reason is that I have the passion to work with other people. And the other reason is that I have a single mother who supported me since I was born and I want to find a career that would pay enough to support me and my family. Receiving my associate degree and becoming a medical assistant will improve my life. I am 18 years old, employed at brick oven (Kalaheo), and still living with my parents. In the past I made a lot of bad choices that made my mother disappointment. Accomplishing my educational goals and pursuing in the medical field will make my family and my mother proud, and it will also help me live independently. My estimated date of graduating the medical field is spring 2015, in order for me to complete my goal; I will set up a meeting with my counselor to organize what I should take each semester. By doing this, so I would know what to expect and not to overload my schedule. Other things that will also help me to achieve my goal is to attend class regularly, take notes, turn in all assignments on time, and do not procrastinate. In conclusion, my purpose for being in college is to have a better future and be able to live independently and support my family.

Difference Between Murder And Manslaughter

Difference Between Murder And Manslaughter The prosecution must prove beyond all reasonable doubt Woolmington [1935] that the defendant committed the offence (actus reus) and also had the necessary state of mind for committing the offence (mens rea). Murder is the intention to kill or cause grievous harm. The actus reus of murder is if the act committed is intentional, unlawful and is the main cause of death. In Alfs case this is setting fire to Petes house. For Alf to be legally responsible, the prosecution must provide evidence that Alfs act was the factual and legal causation of Veras death. Factual causation can be acknowledged by asking was the defendants act a cause in fact of specified consequence.  [2]  This can be answered by asking But for what the defendant did would the consequence have occurred? If the answer is no, causation in fact is recognized. The But for test makes it easier to determine factual causation between Alfs act of setting Petes house on fire and Veras death. The question in court should be Wo uld Vera die if Alf had not set the house on fire? In R v White [1910]  [3]  prosecution failed to establish factual causation. In this case, if Alf had not set the house on fire, Vera would not have died. Meaning factual causation can be recognized. Legal causation has to be established to be able to take legal action. It uses concepts of blameworthiness, liability and expectation to select the most suitable. R v. Pagett (1983)  [4]  talks of legal causation, as the defendant did not fire the weapon that killed his girlfriend. However he was held liable as the most culpable in the actions leading to her death. Alfs actions need not be the individual cause of Veras death as anothers act may have contributed; it must a substantial and operating cause of death. Jo saw the fire moments after it started and chose not to call for help and Olly could not help as he forgot the ladders. The defendant will not lawfully have caused the particular outcome if there was a novus actus interveniens sufficient to break the legal chain of causation. This can be an act of the victim, third party or an unpredictable natural event. The outcome of the intervening must be so overwhelming that the defendants attack is reduced in importance. In Alfs case, Jo and Olly do not break the chain of causation as their actions are not overwhelming causes for Alf not to be liable. R v Cheshire (1991)  [5]  shows that not all events following the defendants act will break the chain of causation. The mens rea for murder is the mental element the intention to kill or cause dangerously bodily harm. Alfs case outlines that it was not his intention to cause harm, nevertheless was aware of a risk of harm. The mens rea necessary is intention. It is the highest level of mens rea and separates in two areas direct and oblique. Direct intention is when the defendant desires an outcome and their goal is to accomplish it. Oblique intention is when the defendant has a purpose in mind but in achieving that also causes other outcomes that were not desired. Nedrick [1986]  [6]  is like Alfs case. The Nedrick test has objective and subjective perspectives. The objective part would ask if Alf foresaw the death of Vera as a virtual certainty and was he aware that his act could cause harm. The subjective part would ask if Alf foresaw Veras death as a virtual certainty. Even though Alf was aware of the possibility of causing harm, he would not have significant intention if he did not foresee death as a virtual certainty, as he intended a different outcome to what took place. Therefore Alfs intention was oblique as he did not want to kill or cause anyone any harm his intention was to frighten Pete into leaving Sandra alone. Hancock and Shankland (1986)  [7]  the House of Lords indicated that the likelihood of the consequence taking place was something to take into consideration in determining whether there was enough facts from which intention might be inferred. The two miners were convicted of manslaughter and not murder as their intention was to frighten and not kill. Alfs intentions were to frighten Pete not to kill him. However, in contrast with Hancock and Shankland, Alf was aware of the likelihood of harm but the two miners were not. Recklessness takes an inexcusable risk, having two levels subjective and objective. Subjective recklessness is where the defendant realises there is a risk but chooses to take it nonetheless R v G [2004]  [8]  . Objective recklessness is where a sensible person realises there is a risk R v Caldwell [1982]  [9]  . However, a person is still guilty even when mentally unable to realise the risk. Alf shows subjective recklessness by not chekingif the house was empty, and is aware of the possibility of someone getting injured, but still pours the paraffin through the letter box and starts the fire. In Hyam v. D.P.P (1975)  [10]  , the issue before the House of Lords was whether or not the mens rea necessary for murder, was established when the defendant was aware of the high probability that her act would result in death or serious bodily harm. In both the Nedrick (1986  [11]  ) and the Hyam v. D.P.P (1975  [12]  ) cases the defendants were behaving recklessly Alf comm itted an act which was against the law, dangerous and was aware of the risks of harm. The two types of manslaughter are, voluntary and involuntary. In this case, Alfs actions were voluntary. Two specific defences which apply to Alfs case are provocation and diminished responsibility. Provocation was a common law defence prior to the Homicide Act 1957 defined by Delvin J in R v Duffy [1949]  [13]  Provocation is some act, or series of acts, done to the accused which would cause in any reasonable person, and actually causes in the accused, a sudden and temporary loss of self- control, rendering the accused so subject to passion as to make him or her for the moment not master of his mind.  [14]  Section 3 of the Homicide Act 1957 lengthened on this providing that Where on a charge of murder there is evidence on which a jury can find that the person charged was provoked (whether by things done or by things said or by both together) to lose his self- control, the question whether provocation was enough to make a reasonable man do as he did shall be left to be dete rmined by the jury; and in determining that question the jury shall take into account everything both done and said according to the effect which, in their opinion, it would have on a reasonable man.  [15]  This requires the prosecution to prove all elements of murder. There are three elements of provocation; firstly there must be some provocative conduct, secondly there must be a cause to make defendant lose self-control and thirdly if the loss of self control occurs, a reasonable person would also have lost self-control and act in the same way. In Alfs case the facts do not point to any evidence that he was provoked. Alf was profoundly depressed and acted in anger after hearing Sandra was dating Pete. However setting fire to Petes house was not an act performed in the heat of the moment, which would have overcome a reasonable man. Therefore provocation is highly improbable to win if used as a defence. Diminished responsibility is a defence simply statutory. Section 2 (1) of the Homicide Act 1957 states Where a person kills or is a party to the killing of another, he shall not be convicted of murder if he was suffering from such abnormality of mind (whether arising from a condition of arrested or retarded development of mind or any inherent causes or induced by disease or injury) as substantially impaired his mental responsibility for his acts and omissions in doing or being a party to the killing.  [16]  If Alf uses this defence he will not be successful, as he was not suffering from abnormality of mind. The burden is o n the defendant to prove their defence on the balance of probabilities R v Dunbar [1957]  [17]  . In R v Bryne [1960]  [18]  , Lord Parker CJ described an abnormality of mind as a state of mind that the reasonable person would find abnormal Alf can argue he was suffering from depression, as the news of Sandras relationship with Pete caused mental distress and use insanity as a defence. This defence can apply to Alf; however he would have the burden of proving his mental state and that his depression affected his reasoning. According to the MNaghten rules it must be proved that, when the offence was committed, the defendant was under defect of reason, evolving from mental illness, so not knowing the nature and quality of the act committed, or, if he did, not knowing that what he was doing was wrong. If this is the case then Alf will not be held responsible due to insanity. I think it most likely that Alf will be charged with reckless manslaughter, as his intention was not to kill or harm, but to frighten Pete. When setting Petes house on fire he does so in a state of depression and on realising that Vera is inside he immediately changes his mind and runs into the burning house and tries to save her. If Olly had brought t he ladders the tragic death of Vera could have been avoided. There are three different offences of committing involuntary manslaughter, constructive, gross negligence and reckless manslaughter. The case states that Jo is a neighbour and a family friend who notices the fire moments afterwards but does nothing about it. The law does not impose a duty on a public bystander to help or save a person in danger. In order to establish negligence for manslaughter a higher degree of care or relationship is required, even though Jo omitted to call for help she did not owe the victim a duty of care. In R v Stone and Dobinson [1977]  [19]  , they allowed an ill sister to live in their house; she died after they failed to call for medicinal help. They both had a duty of care as they were her primary carer, both charged with manslaughter by gross negligence. The duty can be breached if at any time a risk of injury to health is foreseen R v Stone and Dobinson [1977]  [20]  . If Jo had created a danger which could cause harm to anyone then she would ha ve a duty however this is not the case the fire therfore has not duty to act. Such duty arises from special relationships such as, parent child Gibbins Proctor (1918)  [21]  , a contractual duty Pittwood (1902)  [22]  , an official position Dytham (1979)  [23]  . Jos decision not to act can be considered to be morally wrong but this does not make it a criminal liability. Jo could be convicted of involuntary reckless manslaughter. The case states fireman Olly and his crew turn up to the scene but cannot help as they have forgotten to bring any ladders. The House of Lords in R v Adomako [1994]  [24]  decided that to establish the gross negligence form of manslaughter the prosecution must prove a duty of care a breach of the duty of care and gross negligence. Olly has a duty as a fire man is to save lives and prevent harm to others he breached duty by being negligent in failing to be adequately prepared and failed to carry out his duty by being unable to get to the victim. In the case of Pittwood (1902)  [25]  a railway crossing keeper omitted to close the gates resulting in a person crossing getting hit and killed by a train. The keeper had a contractual which was breached as he was negligent. Bateman (1925)  [26]  states that negligence is gross when it is beyond a matter of mere compensation between subjects and showed such disregard for the life as safety of others as to amount to a crime against the State and conduct deserving of punishment  [27]  Olly was negligent as he did not bring the ladders that could have saved Veras life. Olly could be charged of manslaughter by gross negligence for failing to provide duty of care and breaching his contractual duty.

Strategy direction

Strategy direction â€Å"Strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over the long term: which achieves advantage for the organisation through its configuration of resources within a challenging business environment to meet the needs of markets and to fulfil stakeholder expectation†. Executive Summary: In the business industry, it is very difficult to seem companies are reach to the success. One day they have to be faced, other face of business, which is called ‘losses or ‘decline. Todays business environment going very critical because of recession, makes business down, Thats reason we can see that established companies are going down and out of business environment, they cant started on against environment. This challenging business environment pushing Supermarket to back of form market but some Supermarket and company still they are fighting and achieved succeed. Tesco, which is one of the successful supermarket because of they are applying strategy is entirely proved in business environment. Tesco is successful in environment because of applying analytical tools e.g. PESTEL, Porters 5 Forces, SWOT Analysis, on the basis of these analysis and they have proven to be success is this challenging business environment. Introduction: Johnson and Scholes have described that statement, which is said strategy is goal like path of business success. Where mention successful way and goal of long term of maturity level in business environment. Wheres through of using organisation resources achieved benefits and advantages of success in business. Perhaps full fill stakeholder needs and expectation of business and constantly make successful place in challenging Environment. It is argued that UK supermarkets are delivering a quite different offering to the marketplace from a simple ‘basket of goods with a specific price and quality. The issues of product range, innovation potential, and associated convenience factor are all part of the package. This leads to a consideration of the questions of what is competing with what? And who is competing with whom? The issue of comparing like with like. From there we arrive at the question of how competitions policy in this field needs to consider long-term innovation potential as well as short-term price issues. (Supply chain management: An International potential 2000) Why it is importance to understand business environment Todays very important to learn business environment, which proved to be become successful in the markets, they promote and help you to increase business profitability and protect you, form competitors. Because they are successful in the market, they understood the Business environment trends. Whos invested in business and make profits and constantly is a successful in the markets. What do we understand by business environment In a business organisation, peoples are investing input whichs consider e.g. Labour, material, Capital and place etc. These inputs are converting in output like Goods and services that is customer willing to buy. Difficult Evaluation strategy changes of business environment Tesco is using different strategy to become successful in the critical environment and proved that they achieved success in the challenging environment. Supermarket competitors; are always trying to be a best but couldnt succeed. Tesco is always understood business strategies and be a leader in Markets. Tesco is using one strategies called as PESTEL Analysis. Microenvironment would include competitors, suppliers, customers, intermediaries, financial community, local community, pressure groups and government. Customers: are important person for any business, for instance in a completive environment, no business grows without customers. Organisations should use an information gathering systems in order to update with changing needs and requirements of the customers and able to predict even the future on what the customers want next. Suppliers: are providers to an organisation of goods and services that the organisation transforms into value added product to customers, also when demand of a product increases suppliers are crucial to the success of an organisation to make available to them due to increase in demand, thus better relationship with suppliers increases the growth of businesses. Competitors: survival of organisation in todays recession in dealing with competition is extremely important, hence an organisation must keep a close look on its competitors on how they are changing towards the need of the customers, and example of competition would be mobile phones and soft drinks. Intermediaries: are people who provide a link between the organisation and its customers, large companies use intermediaries as they find it difficult to deal direct to their customers. Financial communities: are institutions they may currently support or support the organisation in the future. Share holders both private and institutional are important to the business as they reassure that the business will achieve it objectives. Expansions of many markets have failed because the companies did not consider the needs and expectations of potential investors. Local community: it is for organisation to enhance their image towards the society, through charitable contribution, sponsorship of local events and also been seen as a support to the local environment. (Fifth edition by Adrian Palmer and Bob Harley) PESTEL Analysis Tool uses on Tesco supermarkets 1.1) Political factors: Tesco makes strong infrastructure in globe, now they are operating six countries in Europe in additions in the UK. Tesco have high demand by UK, including the European Union (EU). Tesco follow employee govt. Legislation to provide variety in job, flexibility of jobs, lower paid higher paid, variety of demand, requirement of position like for student, under 18 ages, senior citizen. Tesco are implemented position for different requirement for full fill their needs and makes them constantly growth, thats why on the basis of needs. They recruiting people as part time, full time, contract, temporary, seasonable, get job done in limited period of time. http://www.tesco.com/talkingtesco/p/inc/TalkingTesco.pdf 1.2) Economical Factors: Economically we are in recession time but all supermarkets as well as same in problem. Tesco is faced difficult time this year but they made strategies thats result recession will not critical y overcome on Tesco. So simply we can say that competition like Sainsbury, Asda economically they are strong, but Tesco are selling product for different categories customer some time using offer like free parking and Tesco reward cards, offers etc. Thats reason Tesco always one step ahead of competitors. http://www.tesco.com/talkingtesco/response/?page=article9 1.3) Social / cultural factors: Tesco are always applying PESTEL strategies in business. That why they always consider on different factor like social life, which belong to the people. Economic changes are changing people living trends, now people like to live single family, which is differences in single person, aged citizen, competition of job, people like gives preference time consuming, it is means peoples dont want spend time to make food. Tesco is understood people demand and introduce micro able food in the market. This is gives to the Tesco customer more time saving, easy to full fill their daily needs. On the chaining environment, supermarkets must be alert and do research on changes of cultural and social. http://www.tesco.com/talkingtesco/p/inc/TalkingTesco.pdf 1.4) Technological Factors: Technological factor are makes great effort on environment, which gives great impact of Tesco business environment. Tesco recently started new technology like ‘Online Shopping which is makes people life easier and peace, they are also saying dont need to come to us just order from home by online and you will get your delivery on your door step ahead. Tesco has also made investment in Pollution control, that is support to the carbon reduction and also encourage customer to use and buy low carbon product. It gives clean natural atmosphere to the human beings. Tesco is promoting to use carrier bags again and again and they also giving Tesco points on it. Which is clearly says to the customer make city clean and also urge for environment friendliness. This all activity makes good reputation in between people minds. Ø How existing products can be made cheaper and better quality by introducing new technology Ø How distribution of goods to consumers have changed e.g. how new books can be purchased via the internet Ø How consumers are offered more innovative products and services e.g. new anti cancer drugs, internet banking. Ø How new technology has enhanced organisation to communicate to their consumers e.g. customer relationship management, mobile internet services 1.5) Environment Factor: When Tescos using strategies in business, they also considerate about wrong impact on Business Environment and thats why they are always trying to avoid those impact. Tesco says ‘Make your staffs happy and they will make your customer happy. Tescos always trying to keep their staff Happier and which is good result on customer relation and build strong relation between customer and Staff. 1.6) Legislation Factor: Tescos always facing bargaining problem between them and competitors because of legislation create difficult environment like recession. It is means Price and Quality ‘War between supermarkets competitors; which means loss in business. Legislation understanding is very important in business, thats makes easy way to achieve their target in the market. In order to implement political correct pricing policies, Tesco offered to customer price reduction on food purchase based on the how many times customer spent money on groceries at their stores. It is gives competent stability in the Business environment. http://www.tesco.com/climatechange/speech.asp http://www.modelanswer.co.uk/business/help/pestle/tescos.php In the Business Environment How Tesco apply SWOT analysis to state internal and external Factors. A) Strength (Internal factor): 1) Tesco have had achieve 30.08% highest share of the UK market; Tesco is growing faster and faster in their future carrier and to allow to drive a high share in Non-Food industry. 1) Tesco Online services spreading all over the world and operating 270 stores around the globe. In which Tesco cover 96% market in the UK and other millions of store having online services. Then we can simply say that Currently Tesco got strong platform to develop their profitability in the market. 2) Recently advertised in UKs newspaper, Tesco have 71% Sales larger than Sainsbury; and they are leading UKs Supermarket business. B) WEAK (Internal Factor): 1) Tesco still need more effort to reach world market and makes stability in the world. 2) Tesco have already invested in different industry like Tesco Bank, New stores, Investment companies; if recession is continue like that, business environment will go bust and Tesco will have to face big loss in the business 3) Traditional small business like local butcher, local deli shop, local bakery etc. they are situated in resident areas which is very near for customer and traditionally customer got used to with their services. In this situation its very difficult to attract customer and make relation. C) Opportunity (External Factor): 1) Now Tesco is giving ‘Online Shopping facility to the customer. Its give opportunity to the customer, they can buy their product from their home and will get delivery on their door step. This is save customers Time, money and energy etc. 2) Tesco is going to open some new shop, Tesco Bank, and Tesco Investment company etc. In current status Tesco got highest share in market; its show Tesco great service and loyalty about customer, they already capture customer trust. On behalf of Tesco got opportunities to expand their business in world wide level and achieve success. 3) Tescos almost shops are providing 24Hrs service to the customer, its really great opportunities to get customer trust. D) Threats (External): 1) Now days Business environment giving tough challenge to the Supermarkets, economics value is going down, which means no jobs and no money. This is reason other supermarkets have already reduced their product price by 6%. Tesco and Sainsbury got leadership in the business market; simply they have to be decreasing their price rate, hence other wise they are out of market. Tesco got threats about loss of business because they have to reduce their cost lowest than their competitors. 2) Some time its very complicated to decide what to do? Or not? Because of some other supermarkets are buying their product from abroad; where economy is very low and thats they are selling their good very low cost. Some supermarket are taking advantage about it and buying standard product in cheap price from abroad and selling them on low price. For Tesco there is threat about stealing customer from them. 3) In UKs supermarket competition Tesco got success and they achieved leadership. Now Tesco going expand their business all over the world but still some countries like E.g. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh etc. They are traditionally buying their goods from their traditional shops and they got used to with their services. So When Tesco start their business in these countries might be there is threat about loss and decline of business. http://www.ivoryresearch.com/sample5.php http://www.321books.co.uk/catalog/tesco/porters-five-forces.htm Porter 5 Forces Analysis: How Tesco state their strategies and success on their competitors by using Porter 5 forces Analysis. 1) Bargaining power of Suppliers: This statement is practically proved by supermarkets competitors, where large supermarkets like Tesco, Sainsbury, and Asda etc are suffering by business environment crises called ‘Recession. Its result people they dont have enough money to buy their groceries form supermarket and that why they are always bargaining with supermarket price. For that reason large supermarkets are also forcing their suppliers to make very low cost on their selling product; which is result its very difficult for suppliers in low profit margin they can manage, their expenses. UKs based supermarkets are facing these problems but in hence other abroad based supermarkets are buying their goods in cheaper deal from abroad. These competitors are competing with large supermarkets and encouraging price war between supermarkets. 2) Bargaining power of Customers: In our business environment area we can see that great changes in markets like now peoples are demanding more supermarkets, who can gives them different facility, that could makes their life easier. Tesco has also started some schemes like loyalty customer card, club card and they also going to give some different facility E.g. Bank, Pharmacies etc. these all business environment changes are only happening by customer demand. It is increased supermarkets counts in the markets and their competition. 3) Bargaining power of competitors: In challenging business environment customer demands and expectation are high from supermarket; to full fill their needs we can see that every day entering new competitors in the market and challenging Supermarkets. So now these condition UKs supermarkets have had to keep maintain their leadership in the market and innovative to build market share. Tesco is always updating their Price and value scan between competitors success and on behalf of have given excellent service to the customer. 4) Threat of New Entrants: In the UKs large supermarkets like Tesco, Sainsbury, ASDA etc. they are capturing large space of business, there is no space for other because of they are rapidly spreading all local areas and draining out business from market. Mostly some small tradition shops are affected and they are start disappearing from market like Butcher, bakery, dairy shop etc. So it very difficult for those new entrants companies to stand in grocery market and also they are facing some problem like not enough capital and resources for product compare to other Supermarkets. 5) Threat of Substitutes: In this changing business environment is able to reduce demand for a specific product, as threat is of consumers switching to the other supermarkets. Tesco have started new business trend in the markets like opening shop Tesco express, metro in local towns and city. Whilst help to protect Tesco, about stealing customer by small supermarkets. Recommendation: In business environment Tesco always tries to understand changes of business environment and on the basis of situation applying their unique strategies E.g. PESEL, Porter 5 forces, SWOT analysis etc and got succeed in the market. It gave leadership in between competitors. This strategies are practically proved thats why these are very effective source to full fill Tescos stakeholder expectation and providing excellent service to the customer. Changing business environment, Tesco innovate some different Technology changes, which gives to the customer easy and simple approach for the life. One of the technology changes is effective in the business like online shopping. On the basis of ‘Online shopping Tesco says to the customer, you dont need to come to us, instant we will come to you. In hence Tesco have to understand changes in business environment which relate with competitors. It is necessary to scan competitors success activity and makes good decision on it and implements Tesco key success. Tesco have to also consider on their behaviour of business which is help to them to understand, how they are reacting on implement of trends and strategy changes. These strategies changes are makes final decision to Tesco can use their analytical strategies in the competitive business environment, which gives Tesco successful stage in the market. Conclusion: In the Challenging business environment Tescos success strategy is proved and applied on the practical life that why there is no change of error; thats reason Tescos giving excellent service to the customer and understanding their need and full fill their need on their demand. For better technology can save cost, money and energy and it is important for that organisation should regularly have scans on their competitors to achieve success within the challenging business environment.

Essay --

Enrique’s Journey is a novel that recreates the amazing true story of a boy named Enrique’s adventure to reunite with his mother. The story begins with describing the families living conditions in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. The characters introduced in the story are Lourdes, Enrique’s mom and his little sister Belky, who is seven years old. The family starts out living in one of the poorest neighborhood in the outskirts of Tegucigalpa. Lourdes can barley affords to provide food on the table for her children, let alone herself. The young twenty four year old mother works constantly doing other peoples laundry, making and selling tortillas, selling used clothes and plantain fruits around the neighborhood. The long hours of work she puts in daily, does not do any justice to her family she is raising alone. From the start, Lourdes is confident that she will be unable to send her kids to school for much longer, she won’t be able to keep food on the table, and won’t be able to give her children the life they deserve; so she makes the decision that many young mother’s in foreign countries do; she decides to move to the United States. In the United States she plans to find a good job, make a decent amount of money, and send money and gifts back to her children so they can live a happier life. Lourdes leaves without saying goodbye to her children, because she is too weak to do so. She leaves Belky, her daughter, with her sister to live with. And she leaves Enrique with Enrique’s dad who left them two years prior for another family. Enrique is left with extreme confusion and sorrow. The book includes actual research that has been doing about immigrants journeys to the United States, and how brutally harsh they can be. â€Å"They must make an ill... ... of ‘la migra’, which are the Mexican immigrant authorities. Finally, on his eighth attempt Enrique makes it to the Rio Grande in Nuevo Laredo, Mexico, near the border of the United States. He eventually makes enough money to pay for a phone call to his mother. By this time he had memorized her number. Thankfully, he mother finds a way to hire a smuggler to help him get across the Rio Grande. Successfully, stripping down to his johns, and the help of a blow up inner tube, Enrique finds swimming across the freezing Rio Grande Water where his smuggler helps him to a fresh pair of clothes, and a ride to take him to his mother. He finds himself taken to someplace in Orlando, Florida where he eventually is reunited with his mother after Lourdes’s boyfriend goes to pick him up. Enrique’s dream has finally come true. Soon, Enrique’s his dream is shattered with reality.

Schizophrenia and Involuntary Treatment in the Case of Malka Magnesia E

1 Introduction Malka Magnesia, a second year political science student with an A average, suddenly re-pairs to the attic of her parents’ home and refuses to go to school or to work. She explains that she has been ordered by her â€Å"superiors† in another galaxy simply to sit and repent. Her distraught family pleads with her to seek medical assistance but she refuses on the grounds that her â€Å"superiors† consider her â€Å"unworthy†. The family psychiatrist advises that exposure to some of the modern drugs has been known to reduce such schizophrenic symptoms within a period of weeks. To what extent, if at all, should the law permit the involuntary hospitalization and drug treatment of Malka Magnesia? To what extent, if at all, would it make any difference if she suddenly went into the streets and started giving to total strangers, large sums of money from her inheritance, because, again, it was ordered by her â€Å"superiors†? And, to what ex-tent would it make any difference if, for the same reasons, she began to fast? To whatever extent you would permit some form of coercion, spell out the criteria and safeguards, which should apply. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: In the next section, the three different stages of Malka Magnesia’s illness are examined regarding the question whether she should be involuntarily hospitalized and medicated. In the last section of this paper, the main find-ings are summarized. 2 Three different â€Å"stages† of Malka Magnesia’s illness 2.1 Malka secludes to the attic The first stage of Malka’s illness, in which she secludes herself in the attic and refuses to go to neither school or work, at first glance seems rather harmless: It is mentioned that she is a political science student with an A... ...lized indefinitely (cf. Gray/O’Reilly 2009). This would be indeed akin to being incarcerated for the rest of her life, something usually reserved for serious criminal offenders. Only her treatment would probably improve her condition insofar that she will be able to be released. All in all, this alternative seems worse than involuntary medication. Works Cited Department of Justice (2010): Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/charter/1.html#anchorbo-ga:l_I. (Last retrieved: December 7th, 2010). Gray, J. /O'Reilly, R. (2009): Supreme court of Canada's "Beautiful Mind" case. In: International journal of law and psychiatry, Vol. 32, Issue 5, pp. 315-322. Gupta, M. (2001): Treatment refusal in the involuntarily hospitalized psychiatric population: Canadian policy and practice. In: Medicine and Law, Vol. 20, Issue 2, pp. 245-265.

Oedipus Tyrannus through Freuds eyes Essay

Oedipus Tyrannus is deemed as Sophocles’s magnum opus and is undoubtedly the most famous of all Greek tragedies. Aristotle went to the extent of calling it a perfect play. It was first performed in around 425 b. c. , only just after a plague that had wreaked havoc on Athens, Oedipus Tyrannus was set in Thebes, a city which was also facing the same catastrophe. King Oedipus was informed by the Creon, the brother of Oedipus’s wife, Jocasta that the city will remain a sufferer unless and until the slayer of the previous king is convicted. Oedipus promised to discover the killer’s identity and to prosecute him. Ignorant of the fact that he himself was the murderer, Oedipus unremittingly trailed the truth until he found his own guiltiness and blinded himself so he might never catch the sight of his father in the afterworld. A Freudian analysis of Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex (the King) would point out that Oedipus truly had an incestuous nature. This was exposed not only by Oedipus’ marriage to his own mother, by whom he had children, but also by his unreasonable preference for his daughters, Antigone and Ismene. While the attention he showed to his daughters was profound and braced with sexuality, he dismissed his sons as creatures who are able to look after themselves. Although he was unconsciously attracted to his daughters, he also had this fear in his mind that his daughters would become pariah and will be unable to marry. Freud thought that all the men since birth harbor not a natural repugnance to incest, but the contrary which is an instinctive sexual attraction to the mother. He says, â€Å"[The experiences of psychoanalysis] have taught . . that the first sexual impulses of the young are regularly of an incestuous nature† (Totem and Taboo, p. 160). He also emphasized that each male anchorage undecided feelings towards their fathers. â€Å"But surely I must fear my mother’s bed? † (Oedipus Tyrannus, line 576) When Oedipus throws this question to his wife Jocasta, he is totally oblivious of the profundity of his words. The Messenger has just informed him about the murder of King Polybos of Corinth, Oedipus’ supposed father. Now free in his mind from the intimidation of Apollo’s foretell that he would kill his father, Oedipus here desires to validate with his wife that, as his hypothetical mother (the queen of Corinth) is still living, he must still look into that for fear that he sleep with her, as the oracle also foretold. But his words touch a more primary issue: Why is the forecast that he will sleep with his mother so horribly threatening and vile? Oedipus is actually calmed and contented about the natural death of his supposed father Polybos, as in his mind this frees him from the concern that he will someday kill his father. Freud had suggested an interesting explanation of the source of the taboos against incest and parent murder. In the primitive civilization, people lived in groups dominated by the most powerful male, the father, who hold a sexual monopoly over the group. When each of his sons grew to an age where he would challenge the father’s supremacy in order to get a part of the action, so to challenge, the fathers forced them to leave the group. After so many sons had been so treated like this, they resolute to cooperate in order to remove from power their father and get hold of the females, their mothers, for themselves. With their collective strength, they killed the fathers. In civilized society, Freud observed, proscription against such crimes go unsaid, but this is not evidence that we no longer harbor such wishes. The conscience of mankind which now appears as an inherited mental force was acquired in connection with the Oedipus complex. However, from Sophocles’ text, it would seem that Oedipus does everything in his power to avert these two crimes. Freud too examines the play from this vantage point although, under the novel concept of unconscious motivation, moral condemnation gives way. Freud’s perspective added another dimension to previous simplistic disputes as to whether an action was freely willed, and thus subject to moral injunction, or determined by fate. Freudian intentionality implied that there were actions which, though not intended (consciously), nevertheless were compulsive enactments of inner latent wishes (Hamilton 1993, p. 209).

Global Promotional Strategies Essay

The global companies try to achieve a strategic position on each market they are present in. To reach that goal, companies need to differentiate the products from competitors, while holding the costs of market communication activities at lowest level. Also global companies have to make an effort to sustain advertising campaign in all the markets in which there are present, because wherever they live people tend to react positively to companies and products they know about. In this point, global promoting strategies help brand familiarity, which plays an important role in the market. Global promotion strategies can use a standardized theme globally, but may have to make adjustments for language or cultural differences. Advantages: -Adaptation: Fully adapting an advertising message for local markets. Changes may have to be made due to media availability. -They have a high level of coordination of its market communication. -The companies can modify products for different countries. Also new products are designed for foreign markets. -To incorporate all the differences into one product design and introduce a global product. -Standardization provides benefit such as cost saving in production and marketing. Disadvantages: -It can cause communication issue based on verbal, pictorial, symbolic, idiomatic languages. -The product gives the consumer an identity so they can put the consumer in bad situations, if the products have a problem. -Cultural differences have to realize by the companies before entering the market. For example, when Barbie doll imported to China, consumer did not even buy one. Barbie was not related with Chinese appear, that is why kids did not want to play t with Barbie. After that, the company made new Barbie just looked like Chinese people; at that point they got consumer interest. In conclusion, global promotions strategies are your weapon in this economy and it is up to you to use them for your benefits or failure.

John Locke Leader of the Enlightenment Essay

John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. A ll three rightspertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Loc.